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Your position: Home > News > Industry News > Lithium battery recycling technology is still in its infancy

Lithium battery recycling technology is still in its infancy

the Internet 2019-04-15 15:21:45
China's new energy sedan has entered the "fast lane". In 2018, the production and sales volume broke the million mark for the first time. It also reached 1.27 million units and 1.256 million units, an increase of 59.9% and 61.7% year-on-year, ranking first in the world. It is estimated that by 2020, production and sales will break the 2 million mark. The life of the power battery is generally 5 to 8 years, and the useful life is 4 to 6 years. This also means that the power battery of the new energy vehicles that are first put into the market is basically at the critical point of elimination.

Zhang Tianren, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tianneng Group, stated that it will strengthen the power of new energy sources.lithium batteryThe use of the recycling cycle can ensure the country's strategic resources and reduce external dependence. However, the recycling of new energy-powered lithium batteries is still a new category. Now it is in its infancy, facing some outstanding problems and difficulties. It advocates that relevant departments accelerate the formulation of regulations and skills for the recovery and recycling of used batteries. And reviews specifications, etc.


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The power battery will be 350,000 tons in 2025

According to the calculation of China Car Skills Research Center, combined with factors such as the age of car lapse, battery life and other factors, from 2018 to 2020, the country's cumulative waste power battery will reach 120,000 to 200,000 tons, and will reach 350,000 tons in 2025.

In an interview with the reporter of China Economic Herald, Zhang Tianren said that if the lithium battery is not properly handled and thrown away at will, it will cause great damage to the ecological environment. For example, the heavy metal elements such as cobalt and nickel in the positive electrode data, the organic matter in the electrolyte, and the carbon data in the negative electrode can cause serious pollution to water bodies and soils, especially when heavy metals enter the soil, it is difficult to recover for decades.

If the lithium battery of the new energy car of such a scale is not properly handled, it will cause huge damage to the environment. Then, when they face retirement, where should they go? Zhang Tianren told the Economic Reporter of China: "There are two main destinations now. One is the use of the ladder. It is purchased by China Iron Tower Company and used for the power supply area of ​​the telecom base station. The second is the recycling operation. After the battery is dismantled, the Heavy metal refining, re-use. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, the battery used in the ladder is also required to be recycled after the final use."

On the one hand, there will be a lot of emerging obsolescence.new energyPower lithium batteries, on the other hand, are heavily dependent on imports of lithium resources.

Zhang Tianren indicated that China needs to import a lot of lithium mines every year, and its dependence on foreign countries exceeds 85%. "China's demand" also promoted the excessive rise of battery-grade lithium carbonate prices, from less than 50,000 yuan / ton at the beginning of 2015 to 180,000 yuan / ton at the end of 2017, an increase of nearly three times, greatly increasing China's lithium-ion battery The procurement cost of the production enterprise has also put forward a serious challenge to the resource security of our country.

In Zhang Tianren's view, the depleted power lithium battery is a valuable "urban mine", and the metal content is much higher than that of the ore. The valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt and nickel are recovered and recycled, which can improve the efficiency of resource utilization. Cutting imports can reduce external dependence and maintain the security of national resource strategies.


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New energy powerlithium batteryRecycling cycle is still in its infancy

In fact, China attaches great importance to the recycling of new energy-powered lithium batteries. In January 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Transport and other national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Recovery and Utilization of Power Battery for New Energy Cars" to strengthen the recovery and utilization of new energy car power batteries, standardize career development, and promote resource induction. In July 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Interim Provisions on the Retrospective Application of the Recovery of Power Battery for New Energy Cars, and proposed the establishment of a “trace source induction platform” for the production, sale, use, invalidation, recovery and utilization of new energy power lithium batteries. The entire process of information collection, the implementation of the resumption of the use of duties of the main body of each link to test. Zhang Tianren said, "These standard measures have played a positive role in strengthening the induction and efficient use of waste batteries."

In Zhang Tianren's view, the recycling of new energy-powered lithium batteries is still a new category. Now it is in its infancy, facing some outstanding problems and difficulties, mainly in the following three aspects:

First, the recovery system is still not perfect. There is no useful coordination mechanism between the car production enterprises, the battery manufacturing enterprises, the recovery enterprises, and the recycling enterprises. The powers and responsibilities are not clear. In terms of implementing the extension rules of the producers' duties, it is necessary to further refine and improve the relevant laws and regulations.

Second, the regeneration skills are not sophisticated. In the dismantling process, because the battery structure, data system, package specifications, battery residual energy, etc. are not unified, resulting in difficulty in dismantling, low level of automation, mainly relying on manual completion, the capital is high; in the exercise session, valuable The skills of high-efficiency metal extraction are not sophisticated, and the economic benefits are not significant. Even the income of recycled materials is lower than the cost of recovery and disposal, which restricts the research investment of renewable enterprises.

Third, incentive measures are not effective. The recycling of lithium batteries is still in the stage of training in the market. The strong fiscal and taxation guidelines are needed to guide and support. Now the relevant fiscal and tax incentives are not perfect, and the support measures need to be further strengthened.

In order to better promote the recycling and utilization of new energy car lithium battery, maintain the ecological environment, ensure the safety of national strategic resources, and promote the healthy development of China's new energy car industry, Zhang Tianren advocated that relevant departments should accelerate the recovery of the discarded batteries and Regulatory practices, skill specifications, and review specifications for recycling applications, such as the specification of battery margins. Together, encourage those with industrial advantages to prepare plans and implementation plans for the regulation, recovery, and recycling of new energy lithium batteries. Through first-hand trials, we will explore a national-level implementation plan that is more in line with industrial reality and more operable.

In addition, Zhang Tianren also advocates that it should speed up research and develop incentives such as fiscal and tax incentives, industrial funds, and points processing, research and explore the market-oriented mode of power battery residual value trading, and promote the recovery and utilization of power batteries; co-ordinate existing funds, and recover the system. The construction, regenerative training, scientific research, etc., grant financial subsidies; identify a number of benchmarking enterprises and demonstration projects, give priority to recommending special funds for green production, energy conservation and environmental protection, and play a leading role in the profession; explore the establishment of government funding, enterprises and society A fund guarantee mechanism that diversifies investment, economic and environmental benefits.

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